Association Between Iron Tablet Consumption Practices and Anemia Status Among Second-Trimester Pregnant Women in South Kuta, Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Background: Anemia in pregnancy remains a major maternal health problem despite high coverage of iron supplementation. Its effectiveness may depend not only on tablet availability and adherence but also on the method of consumption. This study aimed to determine the relationship between iron tablet consumption method and anemia status among second-trimester pregnant women in the South Kuta Community Health Center working area. Methods: A quantitative correlational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the South Kuta Community Health Center working area, Benoa District, Badung, Indonesia, in May 2026. A total of 46 second-trimester pregnant women were selected using purposive sampling. Data on iron tablet consumption methods were collected using a structured questionnaire, while anemia status was obtained from hemoglobin records in maternal health documentation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman rank correlation test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents reported a good iron tablet consumption method (26/46; 56.5%), followed by a sufficient method (19/46; 41.3%) and poor method (1/46; 2.2%). Most respondents were not anemic (30/46; 65.2%), while 11 (23.9%) had mild anemia and 5 (10.9%) had moderate anemia. Spearman rank analysis demonstrated a statistically significant moderate association between iron tablet consumption method and anemia status (rs = 0.437; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Iron tablet consumption method was significantly associated with anemia status among second-trimester pregnant women. Practical education on correct iron tablet consumption during antenatal care should be strengthened to support anemia prevention. Further studies with larger samples and direct monitoring are recommended.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33846/hd30906
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